(i) Bid 2 ♠. Because you have merely put opener back to his first suit, you have not shown support, merely preference. Default number of spades in your hand: two.

(ii) Also bid 2 ♠. This is the classic ‘false preference’. You prefer diamonds, but there are good reasons for going back to 2 ♠. Partner could easily have a good hand, say 17 or 18 points; if you pass, it’s bidding over; if you go back to 2 ♠, partner can bid on. Further, 5-2 fits tend to play better than 4-3 fits.

(iii) This is a trick question You would (I hope) have raised 1 ♠ to 2 ♠ straight away, not bid 1 NT. You should avoid responding 1 NT with three-card support for partner’s 1 ♠ (unless you have three rags in a 4333 shape). Yes, partner could only have four spades, but at least he’ll have 15+ points then (with 12-14 he’d have opened 1 NT). When you go back to 2 ♠, you’ll normally have precisely two spades. Sometimes you’ll like partner’s second suit better (the false preference).

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