The Ruffing Finesse
                    
	Consider:
	
		
			
				|  | North |  | 
			
				|  | ♠A Q J |  | 
			
				| West |  | East | 
			
				| ?♠K? |  | ?♠K? | 
			
				|  | South |  | 
			
				|  | ♠2 |  | 
		
	
	
		You can take a normal finesse, leading the two to the jack (queen). However, unable to repeat the finesse (for the lack of a second card in South’s hand), even a successful finesse (West holding the king) will yield just two tricks.
	
		The other approach, assuming there is a trump suit, is to take a “ruffing finesse”. This involves cashing the ace, and then running the queen, planning to discard a side-suit loser from hand should East play low; if East covers with the king, you ruff, cross back to North, and discard a loser on the promoted jack.
	
		If East holds the king, North’s queen/jack will be promoted without losing a trick; even if West holds the king (and the ruffing finesse loses), you have disposed of a loser from hand on the second round of the suit. The ruffing finesse is therefore a very attractive technique - and generally more so than a normal finesse.
	
	
		
			
				| South Deals Both Vul
 | 
						
							
								| ♠ | A Q J |  
								| ♥ | A Q |  
								| ♦ | A K 9 7 3 |  
								| ♣ | K 7 3 |  | 
			
				| 
						
							
								| 
										
											
												| ♠ | 9 7 6 5 |  
												| ♥ | J 9 6 3 2 |  
												| ♦ | 5 |  
												| ♣ | 8 5 4 |  |  |  |  | 
						
							
								|  | 
										
											
												| ♠ | K 10 8 3 2 |  
												| ♥ | K 10 8 4 |  
												| ♦ | — |  
												| ♣ | Q 10 9 2 |  |  | 
			
				|  | 
						
							
								| ♠ | 4 |  
								| ♥ | 7 5 |  
								| ♦ | Q J 10 8 6 4 2 |  
								| ♣ | A J 6 |  | 
		
	
	
	
		
			
		
		
			
				| West | North | East | South | 
			
				|  |  |  | 3 ♦1 | 
			
				| Pass | 6 ♦2 | All pass |  | 
		
	
	
		
			
				| 
						
							Weak hand with seven good diamonds.
							After recovering from the surprise. | 
		
	
 
	What happened
	Seeing finesses in every suit apart from trumps, declarer began by inserting ♥ Q at Trick One. East won ♥ K and returned a passive second heart. Good guesswork in the black suits would still have prevailed, but when declarer took the combination line (as good as anything from here) of cashing ♣ AK (in case ♣ Q fell), and then playing to ♠ Q, East won ♠ K, and cashed ♣ Q. Down two.
	What should have happened
	6 ♦ is 100% guaranteed, regardless of the position of the three missing honours (♠ K, ♥ K, ♣ Q). Rise with ♥ A (key play - spurning the finesse), draw the trump, then cash ♠ A and run ♠ Q, planning to throw ♥ 7 if East plays low. On the above layout (East holding ♠ K), you are finessing ♣ Q for the overtrick. Even if West holds ♠ K, and wins with it, you can ruff his heart return, cross to dummy in trumps, throw a club on the promoted ♠ J, and claim 12 tricks. Slam made.
	If you remember just one thing...
	Prefer a ruffing finesse to an ordinary one: a bad outcome is less disastrous, as you have thrown away a loser in the process.